Fig. 6

Functional validation of AaLDOX. a Anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway that requires the catalysis of a series of enzymes. PAL phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, C4H trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4CL 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, CHS chalcone synthase, CHI chalcone isomerase, F3H flavanone 3-hydroxylase, F3’H flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase 2, F3′5’H flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase, DFR dihydroflavonol-4-reductase, LDOX leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, F3GT flavonoid 3-O-galactosyltransferase. b Relative expression level of AaLDOX in red and green A. arguta fruits. The values are the means ± SDs for three replicates. c-e Phenotype, anthocyanin content and gene expression of AaLDOX in fruits injected with EV or 35::AaLDOX. The values are the means ± SDs of three replicates. Statistical significance: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. f–h Phenotype, anthocyanin content and gene expression of AaLDOX in fruits injected with pTRV1/pTRV2 and pTRV1/pTRV2::AaLDOX. The values are means ± SDs of three replicates. Statistical significance: ***P < 0.001