Fig. 3

Structural variations and graph-based pan-genome of Actinidia. a The SV numbers, lengths and percentage of SVs in indicated regions in each accession. b SV numbers on chromosomes in 200 kb windows. Regions over the threshold line (95th percentile) are SV-hotspot regions. c The percentage of DEGs in SV-hotspot genes, SV-hotspot-upstream genes and non-SV-hotspot genes under copper, heat and waterlogging stresses. d SV frequency of LG-, MG1-, and MG2-favored SVs. The broken lines indicate the averaged frequencies, and the ribbons indicate the ranges of SV frequencies. e Genotypes of three SVs in LG and MG groups. (f) Expression levels of Ach13g13590DH and Ach25g04680DH in the fruit peels from three kiwifruit species. ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05, Student’s t test