Fig. 5

Expression levels of senescence-related genes (a-f MdSAG12, MdSAG29, MdSAG39, MdVNI2, MdSINA1, and MdBFN1) in 2-week-old apple calli. WT: wild-type; MdNAC4-OX: with MdNAC4 overexpression vector; MdNAC4-Anti: with MdNAC4 antisense vector. The WT expression level was set at 1. Error bars indicate the SDs of the three technical replicates and three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate significant differences between two independent samples according to t tests (*, P < 0.05 and **, P < 0.01)